The need for bulk energy storage systems has arisen due to the unreliable nature of the alternate energy generation. Currently, two energy storage systems are being employed around the world for bulk power storage, which are Pumped-hydro energy storage (PHES) and compressed-air energy storage (CAES) systems. But, due to their dependency on geographical location, these two systems cannot be used with all power generation systems. Another the system has recently been introduced that combines the advantages of both PHES and CAES system known as Pumped-hydro-compressed-air (PHCA). The main advantage of the PHCA system over the other two is independence from the specific geographical locations and compactness. In this paper, the working model of the PHCA system is designed that stores the potential energy in the form of water and air pressure; the water is stored at the pressure of 500 psi. The PHCA storage system starts generating the power during outages and power variations in the main generation system. The working model of the PHCA system confirms that the idea of PHCA is very practical and can be used in various power plants to store electrical energy in bulk quantity.

Maximum power point tracker and grid-tied inverter is a power generation system that is interfaced with utility grid. This paper aims to discuss the design and implementation of maximum power point tracker and grid-tied voltage source inverter. Maximum power point tracker is implemented using buck-boost converter and for the DC-AC conversion a power transformer is used. Then synchronization is achieved between grid and inverter. The charge controller performs the power control to control the power from grid-tied inverter to the utility grid. It fulfills the need of the single-phase inverter and photovoltaic module and it is realized through hardware implementation of the system. Moreover, in this paper the maximum power point tracking algorithm, DC-AC inversion method, gate driver circuit operation along with proper filtration and reliable power output delivery to the grid has been practically observed. Finally, the efficient power output of the maximum power point tracker validates experimental results.

For maintaining the stability of electric power system it is necessary to keep voltage profile within the limits. Due to faults, fluctuations of load (voltage sags and voltage swells) are produced, so it is very difficult to maintain the voltage in all buses. Sustain better economy and useful operations of end user equipment require continuous and superior quality of power. In order to keep the power system stable and provide power with good quality there is need of advance techniques to eliminate issues of Power Quality (PQ) such as voltage swells and sags and make power system more reliable. The perception of Flexible alternating current transmission systems (FACTS) devices is relying on power electronic controllers, these devices are very useful to enhance the performance of transmission system by maximize the utilization of their ability. FACTS devices make the ac transmission network flexible by adapting the altering stipulation caused by contingencies and load variation. In this research paper, unified power flow controller (UPFC), one of the significant associate of FACTS Technology is used to make power system further consistent. Simulation without and with UPFC is done in MATLAB/Simulink software to see the effectiveness of UPFC for resolving power quality issues. Close loop simulation is completed with the help of proportional integral derivative (PID) controller. A comparison has been made between open loop and close loop. To authenticate the performance of UPFC the outcomes of simulation are given.

Inductive power transfer (IPT) is a non-radiative near range technique of transferring power when primary and secondary coils are in close proximity and positioned carefully with respect to each other. This paper describes the technique of Resonant inductive power transfer (RIPT) which is in contrast to “induction” by its ability to transfer power efficiently over a reasonable distance which is required to charge Electric Vehicle battery and to overcome the positional offsets. Thus, this technology is also known as “magnetic resonance”. This system can transfer power wirelessly over a distance of 10cm-20cm which is the typical ground clearance of Electric Vehicles. For increasing the efficiency of RIPT systems, series-series compensation topology is used giving the efficiency of about 85%.

This work presents a sequential and systematic approach to modeling, designing, and implementing a proportional-sum-delta (PSD) controller. The modeling of the PSD controller is done using linear difference equations. The implementation of the PSD-Controller is done on an arm whose angle/position is determined by the copter motor attached to its end. The physical system mentioned is controlled and analyzed via a browser-based Graphical User Interface. The modeling, design, and implementation of the controller are done step-by-step; first the P-Controller, then the PD-Controller, and finally the PSD-Controller is constructed and applied to the physical system. The experimental performance analysis is also performed for each part. The performance is judged based on the very basic characteristics of a feedback control system such as steady-state error, stability, overshoot and response speed. In the end, a mention is also made of possible future advancements in the overall system.

The perturb and observe (P&O) algorithm is a very common and extensively used maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method for photovoltaic (PV) system because of its simple design and economical implementation. However, this technique fails to distinguish the effect of change in irradiance from the effect of perturbation step under fast-changing environmental conditions. It takes a wrong decision at the first perturbation step during sudden change in solar irradiance and consequently, it suffers from instabilities and power loss. This paper introduces a modified P&O algorithm to tackle such problems. It incorporates an additional irradiance control loop in the observation process of conventional P&O algorithm to recognize the actual cause of change in power. The proposed approach is simulated and analyzed in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment, and the performance of the both conventional and modified algorithms is compared during steady and rapid change in solar irradiance. The simulation results of the proposed technique demonstrate that it tracks the maximum power point accurately and enhances the efficiency of the PV system by extracting the additional power during the rapid variation in weather.

Water being basic need of human being has become global issue especially in developing countries where fresh water doesn’t meet the demand. As per reports by WHO and UNICEF 11% global population that makes 768 million consume unsafe water sources which may cause serious health issues. Scarcity of Water in Tharparker has never been a new issue. One important problem that needs to be addressed is access to potable water in Tharparker. As per study carried by TRDP (Thardeep rural development program) out of 2350 villages, In tharparker the population that has access of drinking water is 47% whereas majority of population stands for hours for their turn to fetch water, whereas 76% women has to travel about 3 km to fetch water. People pay around 30PKR for 2 buckets of water. Tharparker being one of important district of Sindh and largest district of sindh by area having households of 301625 as per recent population census, this water scarcity problem should be resolved by proposing cost effective model and design. In this paper feasibility study is carried for SPV pumping system for village Malo Bheel in Tharparker. The aim is to predict performance of system and to economically evaluate the system using simulation software PVSYST. The location of Malo Bheel has been chosen considering few factors such as no access to grid station, and having no access to clean water.

Engineering is a field that requires extensive practical approach of learning along with conceptual understanding of theoretical aspects of the subjects. Students are required to implement theoretical knowledge to practical use as a mandatory part of the curriculum in all the schools globally. A part of this is achieved using various training kits available in laboratories with operating manuals and teachers to assist the students. This paper proposes an interesting way to guide students to use such kits by introducing Augmented Reality (AR) as an interactive user manual, thereby increasing students’ interest and ease in learning and reducing work load of lab instructors. The AR application developed here demonstrates making connections, applying inputs and videos of expected outputs of lab equipment when viewed through the camera of a smart phone or a PDA. The app also provides options for selection of a particular task if a kit offers more than one experiments. We have developed the application for the lab work of an entire course of Analog and Digital Communications (ES342) at Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Pakistan, in Unity 3D using Vuforia Augmented Reality Software Development Kit.